{"paper":{"title":"Re-Entrant Albedo Proton Fluxes Measured by the PAMELA Experiment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"A. Bruno, A. G. Mayorov, A. Leonov, A. M. Galper, A. Monaco, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Vacchi, A. V. Karelin, B. Panico, C. De Donato, C. De Santis, D. Campana, E. A. Bogomolov, E. Mocchiutti, E. Vannuccini, F. Cafagna, F. Palma, G. A. Bazilevskaya, G. Castellini, G. C. Barbarino, G. I. Vasilyev, G. Osteria, G. Zampa, L. Marcelli, M. Boezio, M. Bongi, M. Casolino, M. Martucci, M. Merg\\'e, M. Pearce, M. Ricci, M. Simon, N. De Simone, N. Mori, N. Zampa, O. Adriani, P. Carlson, P. Papini, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, R. Bellotti, R. Munini, R. Sarkar, R. Sparvoli, S. A. Voronov, S. Bottai, S. B. Ricciarini, S. Koldobskiy, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, V. Bonvicini, V. Di Felice, V. Formato, V. Malakhov, V. Scotti, V. V. Mikhailov, W. Menn, Y. I. Stozhkov, Y. T. Yurkin","submitted_at":"2015-04-23T16:57:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a precise measurement of downward-going albedo proton fluxes for kinetic energy above $\\sim$ 70 MeV performed by the PAMELA experiment at an altitude between 350 and 610 km. On the basis of a trajectory tracing simulation, the analyzed protons were classified into quasi-trapped, concentrating in the magnetic equatorial region, and un-trapped spreading over all latitudes, including both short-lived (precipitating) and long-lived (pseudo-trapped) components. In addition, features of the penumbra region around the geomagnetic cutoff were investigated in detail. PAMELA results significa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.06253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}