{"paper":{"title":"Color-Blind Image Sensors: Towards Digital Twin of Human Retina","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Bryce Widdicombe, Dechuan Sun, Efstratios Skafidas, Paul Beckett, Peter van Wijngaarden, Ranjith Unnithan, Yushan Meng","submitted_at":"2025-09-10T11:53:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"The human retina contains a complex arrangement of photoreceptors that convert light into visual information. Conventional image sensors mimic the trichromacy of the retina using periodic filter mosaics responsive to three primary colors. However, this is, at best, an approximation, as an actual retina exhibits a quasi-random spatial distribution of light-sensitive rod and cone photoreceptors, where the ratio of rods to cones and their concentrations vary across the retina. Hence, the periodic mosaics are limited to accurately simulate the properties of the eye. Here, we present an image senso"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.08518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.08518/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}