{"paper":{"title":"Planetary formation tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: Visualising the processes of giant planet growth","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Benedikt Gottstein, Christoph Mordasini, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) is central to stellar astrophysics but has rarely been used to interpret planet formation. We extend the HRD concept to forming planets and study how solid and gas accretion, cooling/contraction, and migration shape luminosity-temperature tracks in different formation scenarios. We compute planetary interior structures throughout formation and evolution with the Bern model and, for the first time, couple it to radiation-hydrodynamical simulations to obtain a time-dependent accretion-shock heating efficiency, helping to address the cold-/hot-start ambiguity"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.18950","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.18950/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}