{"paper":{"title":"Essential and inessential features of Hawking radiation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Matt Visser (Washington University in Saint Louis)","submitted_at":"2001-06-13T22:53:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"There are numerous derivations of the Hawking effect available in the literature. They emphasise different features of the process, and sometimes make markedly different physical assumptions. This article presents a ``minimalist'' argument, and strips the derivation of as much excess baggage as possible. All that is really necessary is quantum physics plus a slowly evolving future apparent horizon (*not* an event horizon). In particular, neither the Einstein equations nor Bekenstein entropy are necessary (nor even useful) in deriving Hawking radiation."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0106111","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}