{"paper":{"title":"LCL Resonance Analysis and Damping in Single-Loop Grid-Forming Wind Turbines","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"Single-loop grid-forming controls with droop-I reactive power can produce open-loop unstable poles near LCL resonances.","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Frede Blaabjerg, Ioannis Lestas, Lin Cheng, Meng Chen, Yufei Xi","submitted_at":"2025-04-09T15:37:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"A common assumption in both grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) control systems is that they are open-loop (OL) stable in the vicinity of high-frequency resonances. Hence classical loop-shaping approaches are often used for establishing stability margins and designing active damping (AD) strategies. This paper shows that single-loop GFM (SL-GFM) control schemes incorporating a widely used class of reactive power (RAP) control, referred to as droop-I control, can lead to OL unstable poles. This finding reveals a novel instability mechanism resulting in a reduced stability margin and rob"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"single-loop GFM (SL-GFM) control schemes incorporating a widely used class of reactive power (RAP) control, referred to as droop-I control, can lead to OL unstable poles. This finding reveals a novel instability mechanism resulting in a reduced stability margin and robustness at high frequencies.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The analysis assumes a specific small-signal model of the SL-GFM with droop-I control and LCL filter, where the open-loop poles are determined by the control structure and parameters; if the model does not accurately represent the real system dynamics or if the droop-I implementation differs, the identified instability may not hold.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Single-loop GFM wind turbine controls with droop-I RAP can exhibit open-loop instability near LCL resonances, leading to reduced high-frequency stability margins and requiring new active damping designs.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Single-loop grid-forming controls with droop-I reactive power can produce open-loop unstable poles near LCL resonances.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"073615db965733a56dea0413c7f3e194d8157f629f34235d23b97ad96a0f3cd8"},"source":{"id":"2504.06981","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"22b0cc14-1e1f-4616-ac0b-57879a087457","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-22T20:24:05.222479Z","strongest_claim":"single-loop GFM (SL-GFM) control schemes incorporating a widely used class of reactive power (RAP) control, referred to as droop-I control, can lead to OL unstable poles. This finding reveals a novel instability mechanism resulting in a reduced stability margin and robustness at high frequencies.","one_line_summary":"Single-loop GFM wind turbine controls with droop-I RAP can exhibit open-loop instability near LCL resonances, leading to reduced high-frequency stability margins and requiring new active damping designs.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The analysis assumes a specific small-signal model of the SL-GFM with droop-I control and LCL filter, where the open-loop poles are determined by the control structure and parameters; if the model does not accurately represent the real system dynamics or if the droop-I implementation differs, the identified instability may not hold.","pith_extraction_headline":"Single-loop grid-forming controls with droop-I reactive power can produce open-loop unstable poles near LCL resonances."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.06981/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":30,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"M. Chen, D. Zhou, A. Tayyebi, E. Prieto-Araujo, F. D ¨orfler, and F. Blaabjerg, “On power control of grid-forming converters: Modeling, 10 0.9999 1 1.0001 1.0002 0.47 0.5 0.53 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 2","work_id":"536e2666-8b91-46b4-b9ba-ff104930b788","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"Simultaneous assessment of multiple aspects of stability of power systems with renewable generation,","work_id":"441fe37a-b46d-4e61-b300-4dac36f33583","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"Power electronics in wind generation systems,","work_id":"08b512d0-76c0-4aee-9516-4fcc28cac862","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"Transient stability of voltage- source converters with grid-forming control: A design-oriented study,","work_id":"4037d816-8654-4ff0-a295-cef48236bea4","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2035,"title":"Modeling of grid-forming and grid-following inverters for dynamic simulation of large-scale distribution systems,","work_id":"7a25ab58-0e8d-4740-9e92-74a1f178cd09","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":30,"snapshot_sha256":"9cd35ce0a1cd32e0396db656967eb940c81ee8fd0e460ec0f03d498b405f1b90","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}