{"paper":{"title":"Fugacity and Reheating of Primordial Neutrinos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Cheng-Tao Yang, Jeremiah Birrell, Johann Rafelski, Pisin Chen","submitted_at":"2013-03-11T16:54:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"We clarify in a quantitative way the impact that distinct chemical $T_c$ and kinetic $T_k$ freeze-out temperatures have on the reduction of the neutrino fugacity $\\Upsilon_\\nu$ below equilibrium, i.e. $\\Upsilon_\\nu<1$, and the increase of the neutrino temperature $T_\\nu$ via partial reheating. We establish the connection between $\\Upsilon_\\nu$ and $T_k$ via the modified reheating relation $T_\\nu(\\Upsilon_\\nu)/T_\\gamma$, where $T_\\gamma$ is the temperature of the background radiation. Our results demonstrate that one must introduce the chemical nonequilibrium parameter, i.e., the fugacity, $\\Up"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1303.2583","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}