{"paper":{"title":"Frustrated Magnetism of the $S = 1$ Trillium-Lattice Oxide Li$_2$NiGe$_3$O$_8$","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Li₂NiGe₃O₈ realizes frustrated S=1 magnetism on a single trillium lattice without long-range order.","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.str-el","authors_text":"Yuya Haraguchi","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T03:53:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report magnetization and heat-capacity measurements on the ordered-spinel oxide Li$_2$NiGe$_3$O$_8$, where Ni$^{2+}$ ions with $S = 1$ form a single three-dimensional trillium lattice. Powder x-ray diffraction confirms a cubic ordered-spinel structure with space group $P4_{1}32$ or $P4_{3}32$. The inverse susceptibility $H/M$ follows Curie--Weiss behavior above 50 K with an effective magnetic moment $\\mu_{\\mathrm{eff}} = 3.124(4)\\,\\mu_{\\mathrm{B}}$ per Ni and a Weiss temperature $\\theta_{\\mathrm{W}} = -0.21(1)$ K, but deviates smoothly below about 10 K. The magnetic heat capacity $C_{\\mathr"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"These results establish Li₂NiGe₃O₈ as a rare S = 1 single-trillium oxide with frustrated magnetic correlations. The present data provide an experimental platform for discussing the relation between Heisenberg-like and spin-ice-like regimes on the trillium lattice.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The broad heat-capacity maximum and partial entropy recovery are interpreted as signatures of frustration without long-range order, relying on the applicability of the local ferromagnetic Ising model to this S=1 system.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Li₂NiGe₃O₈ shows frustrated magnetic correlations on its S=1 trillium lattice, with a broad heat capacity maximum near 3 K and 88% entropy recovery consistent with spin-ice-like behavior.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Li₂NiGe₃O₈ realizes frustrated S=1 magnetism on a single trillium lattice without long-range order.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"0c4eaee76ea2b5559ae3f97ff905d95f82d3d976e7d206342c2971f97a9ac019"},"source":{"id":"2605.12962","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"183c1351-2d75-43cb-828d-6c1df7c2dbc0","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T18:45:36.133948Z","strongest_claim":"These results establish Li₂NiGe₃O₈ as a rare S = 1 single-trillium oxide with frustrated magnetic correlations. The present data provide an experimental platform for discussing the relation between Heisenberg-like and spin-ice-like regimes on the trillium lattice.","one_line_summary":"Li₂NiGe₃O₈ shows frustrated magnetic correlations on its S=1 trillium lattice, with a broad heat capacity maximum near 3 K and 88% entropy recovery consistent with spin-ice-like behavior.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The broad heat-capacity maximum and partial entropy recovery are interpreted as signatures of frustration without long-range order, relying on the applicability of the local ferromagnetic Ising model to this S=1 system.","pith_extraction_headline":"Li₂NiGe₃O₈ realizes frustrated S=1 magnetism on a single trillium lattice without long-range order."},"references":{"count":42,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1994,"title":"A. P. Ramirez, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 24, 453 (1994)","work_id":"f145cd2a-52db-461c-bdb7-a03ecbbecc8e","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2006,"title":"R. Moessner and A. P. Ramirez, Phys. Today 59, 24 (2006)","work_id":"daec3a1f-8384-4a97-8dfe-db8b5f545920","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1998,"title":"R. Moessner and J. T. Chalker, Phys. Rev. B 58, 12049 (1998)","work_id":"7a9388a6-dd13-4006-8022-6c44150e54c2","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"Balents, Nature 464, 199 (2010)","work_id":"dc4d3e08-e706-4b28-a4dd-bdeb449973cb","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2001,"title":"S. T. Bramwell and M. J. P. Gingras, Science 294, 1495 (2001)","work_id":"f490c146-a8c8-446f-8eda-a647ebfbc9b5","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":42,"snapshot_sha256":"df301d83d97a102d088ffabe0c768f44e3ca1103d06217e2bcd4c514b79614f9","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"21be9e392ee2e6799b99a289d5807a9b2e2fce139a2c17ae9d504b49fac2b6d1"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}