{"paper":{"title":"How Low Can Q Go?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"John C. Forbes","submitted_at":"2023-02-15T18:11:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gravitational instability plays a substantial role in the evolution of galaxies. Various schemes to include it in galaxy evolution models exist, generally assuming that the Toomre $Q$ parameter is self-regulated to $Q_\\mathrm{crit}$, the critical $Q$ dividing stable from unstable conditions in a linear stability analysis. This assumption is in tension with observational estimates of $Q$ that find values far below any plausible value of $Q_\\mathrm{crit}$. While the observations are subject to some uncertainty, this tension can more easily be relieved on the theoretical side by relaxing the comm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.07823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.07823/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}