{"paper":{"title":"Quantifying and Explaining Immutability in Scala","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.PL","authors_text":"Ludvig Axelsson, Philipp Haller","submitted_at":"2017-04-11T00:43:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Functional programming typically emphasizes programming with first-class functions and immutable data. Immutable data types enable fault tolerance in distributed systems, and ensure process isolation in message-passing concurrency, among other applications. However, beyond the distinction between reassignable and non-reassignable fields, Scala's type system does not have a built-in notion of immutability for type definitions. As a result, immutability is \"by-convention\" in Scala, and statistics about the use of immutability in real-world Scala code are non-existent. \n  This paper reports on th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.03095","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}