{"paper":{"title":"A Porosity-Length Formalism for Photon-Tiring-Limited Mass Loss from Stars Above the Eddington Limit","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Kenneth G. Gayley, Nir J. Shaviv, Stanley P. Owocki","submitted_at":"2004-09-23T23:01:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine radiatively driven mass loss from stars near and above the Eddington limit (Ledd). We begin by reviewing the instabilities that are expected to form extensive structure near Ledd. We investigate how this \"porosity\" can reduce the effective coupling between the matter and radiation. Introducing a new \"porosity-length'' formalism, we derive a simple scaling for the reduced effective opacity, and use this to derive an associated scaling for the porosity-moderated, continuum-driven mass loss rate from stars that formally exceed Ledd. For a simple super-Eddington model with a single poro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0409573","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}