{"paper":{"title":"Scalable Heterogeneous Graph Foundation Models for Data-Driven Optimal Power Flow in Smart Grids","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Kibaek Kim, Massimiliano Lupo Pasini, Teja Kuruganti, Yijiang Li","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T03:25:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Fast and reliable optimal power flow (OPF) approximation is essential for reliable smart-grid operation, yet many learning-based surrogates either flatten the native heterogeneous structure of power networks, target a limited set of grid topologies, or lack scalable infrastructure for graph foundation model (GFM) training. This paper presents a scalable heterogeneous graph neural network (GNN) workflow, built on HydraGNN, for data-driven OPF surrogate modeling and OPF-GFM development. The workflow preserves the distinct node and edge types of power grids -- buses, generators, loads, shunts, AC"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.23194","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.23194/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}