{"paper":{"title":"When X-ray Features Hurt: Label Noise and Luminosity Overlap in Machine Learning Classification of AGN and Star-forming Galaxies","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Jaymin Ding","submitted_at":"2026-07-14T19:51:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"In a previous paper, we found that adding an X-ray flux feature to a Random Forest Classifier of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) decreased classification accuracy from 97.51% to 89.26%, a counterintuitive result given the prevailing theory that X-rays are a reliable AGN diagnostic. This paper investigates the source of that discrepancy through both astrophysical and machine learning lenses. On the astrophysical side, we show that the X-ray luminosities of AGN and SFGs in the sample substantially overlap across the canonical $10^{42}$ erg/s threshold, reflecting th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.13233","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.13233/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}