{"paper":{"title":"Spectral Study of the Vocal Tract in Vowel Synthesis: A Comparison between 1D and 3D Acoustic Analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SD","authors_text":"Antti Hannukainen, Daniel Aalto, Jarmo Malinen, Negar M. Harandi, Sidney Fels","submitted_at":"2015-12-17T22:06:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"A state-of-the-art 1D acoustic synthesizer has been previously developed, and coupled to speaker-specific biomechanical models of oropharynx in ArtiSynth. As expected, the formant frequencies of the synthesized vowel sounds were shown to be different from those of the recorded audio. Such discrepancy was hypothesized to be due to the simplified geometry of the vocal tract model as well as the one dimensional implementation of Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, we calculate Helmholtz resonances of our vocal tract geometries using 3D finite element method (FEM), and compare them with the fo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.05811","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}