{"paper":{"title":"Particle-in-cell simulations of a current-free double layer","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"C. Charles, R. W. Boswell, S. D. Baalrud, T. Lafleur","submitted_at":"2013-01-17T00:57:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current-free double layers of the type reported in plasmas in the presence of an expanding magnetic field [C. Charles and R. W. Boswell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1356 (2003)] are modeled theoretically and with particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulations. Emphasis is placed on determining what mechanisms affect the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) and how the EVDF influences the double layer. A theoretical model is developed based on depletion of electrons in certain velocity intervals due to wall losses and repletion of these intervals due to ionization and elastic electron scattering."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.3957","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}