{"paper":{"title":"The single ring theorem","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OA"],"primary_cat":"math.PR","authors_text":"Alice Guionnet, Manjunath Krishnapur, Ofer Zeitouni","submitted_at":"2009-09-11T16:39:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the empirical measure $L_{A_n}$ of the eigenvalues of non-normal square matrices of the form $A_n=U_nD_nV_n$ with $U_n,V_n$ independent Haar distributed on the unitary group and $D_n$ real diagonal. We show that when the empirical measure of the eigenvalues of $D_n$ converges, and $D_n$ satisfies some technical conditions, $L_{A_n}$ converges towards a rotationally invariant measure on the complex plan whose support is a single ring. In particular, we provide a complete proof of Feinberg-Zee single ring theorem \\cite{FZ}. We also consider the case where $U_n,V_n$ are independent Haar "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.2214","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}