{"paper":{"title":"Can third- and fourth-order multipoles plus radial variation of iso-density ellipses explain the observed flux ratios in B1422$+$231? YES, and a lesson learned from a TNG100 lensing galaxy sample","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Anowar Shajib, Cai-Na Hao, Dandan Xu, Dominique Sluse, Giulia Despali, Ruizhe Feng","submitted_at":"2026-07-13T13:40:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Flux ratio anomalies in multiply-imaged quasar lenses are a long-standing issue. Using a classical system B1422+231 as a case study, we investigate how typical non-clumpy perturbations beyond elliptical shapes -- multipoles $m_3, m_4$ and radial variations in $q, \\phi_q$ -- can account for the observed image positions and flux ratios under different observational precisions. We extract these perturbations from a pre-selected strong-lensing galaxy sample from the TNG100 simulation. Smooth macroscopic models (SIE+$\\gamma$, EPL+$\\gamma$) are then fitted to the observed image positions alone and t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.11559","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.11559/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}