{"paper":{"title":"Generating a three dimensional dark focus from a single conically refracted light beam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"A. Turpin, E. U. Rafailov, J. Mompart, T. K. Kalkandjiev, Yu. V. Loiko","submitted_at":"2014-09-05T16:09:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report here the generation of a three dimensional dark focus from a single focused monochromatic Gaussian beam that undergoes conical refraction when it propagates along one of the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. We study the resulting ring intensity pattern behind the crystal as a function of the ratio between the ring radius and the beam waist and derive the particular parameter values for which a three dimensional dark focus with null intensity at the ring center is formed. We have performed experiments with a ${\\rm KGd(WO_4)_2}$ biaxial crystal reporting the generation of a bottle beam"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.1853","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}