{"paper":{"title":"Energy flow in ultra-high energy cosmic ray interactions as a probe of thermalization: a potential solution to the muon puzzle","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","hep-th","nucl-ex"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Captain R. Singh, Raghunath Sahoo, Ronald Scaria, Suman Deb","submitted_at":"2023-04-01T11:22:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Signatures of the formation of a strongly interacting thermalized matter of partons have been observed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-nucleus, and high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at LHC energies. Strangeness enhancement in such ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is considered to be a consequence of this thermalized phase, known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Simultaneously, proper modeling of hadronic energy fraction in interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) has been proposed as a solution for the muon puzzle, an unexpected excess of muons in air showers. These interac"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.00294","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.00294/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}