{"paper":{"title":"Dynamical Boson Stars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Boson stars are stable scalar field configurations that persist in dynamical general relativity and serve as dark matter sources or black hole mimickers.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Carlos Palenzuela, Steven L. Liebling","submitted_at":"2012-02-27T00:47:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called {\\em geons}, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name {\\em boson stars}. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions wit"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single killing vector.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The assumption that scalar field configurations can form stable, non-dispersing, localized energy bundles that persist under dynamical evolution in general relativity, as required for their use in the cited models.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Boson stars are stable scalar field configurations that persist in dynamical general relativity and serve as dark matter sources or black hole mimickers.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"a88fb37907bc337cf01b98a1908c12993215c68f33b3741331de17b7f80d8f9e"},"source":{"id":"1202.5809","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":"d108f980-cfde-44a3-b342-360f48bb3ada","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:32:02.517904Z","strongest_claim":"Boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single killing vector.","one_line_summary":"Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The assumption that scalar field configurations can form stable, non-dispersing, localized energy bundles that persist under dynamical evolution in general relativity, as required for their use in the cited models.","pith_extraction_headline":"Boson stars are stable scalar field configurations that persist in dynamical general relativity and serve as dark matter sources or black hole mimickers."},"references":{"count":299,"sample":[{"doi":"10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020","year":2012,"title":"Observation of a new particle in the search for the standard model higgs boson with the atlas detector at the lhc.Physics Letters B2012;716(1):1–29","work_id":"ecf87d7b-ffee-4edd-a7cd-56371de672ff","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"1207.7214","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.116.061102","year":2016,"title":"Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger","work_id":"ab878228-151c-4a29-8026-a4308b076d30","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"1602.03837","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.116.221101","year":2016,"title":"Tests of general relativity with GW150914","work_id":"6360cb89-3e23-4c10-b265-09130bfbf688","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"1602.03841","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/aa51f4","year":2017,"title":"Exploring the Sensitivity of Next Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors","work_id":"70949ba0-d0bf-42d9-9fec-9277e563937a","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"1607.08697","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"10.1103/physrevd.105.102001","year":2022,"title":"Phys Rev D 105:102001","work_id":"554631c7-1c94-4b88-936e-6454eb6d2322","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":200,"snapshot_sha256":"98752f81200001833a05fbd86d3b962e95939b0843e87aa8a30ad48d061757e3","internal_anchors":130},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"d46993cde631c9adef91a80215955404cbbff85f148b24fd91f04a7c57d462db"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}