{"paper":{"title":"Intrinsic Invariants of Cross Caps","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.DG","authors_text":"Atsufumi Honda, Kosuke Naokawa, Kotaro Yamada, Masaaki Umehara, Masaru Hasegawa","submitted_at":"2012-07-17T01:12:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is classically known that generic smooth maps of R^2 into R^3 admit only cross cap singularities. This suggests that the class of cross caps might be an important object in differential geometry. We show that the standard cross cap (u,uv,v^2) has non-trivial isometric deformations with infinite dimensional freedom. Since there are several geometric invariants for cross caps, the existence of isometric deformations suggests that one can ask which invariants of cross caps are intrinsic. In this paper, we show that there are three fundamental intrinsic invariants for cross caps. The existence "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.3853","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}