{"paper":{"title":"ALMA-IMF XXII. Role of core subfragmentation in the IMF origin: Hierarchical fragmentation cascade and CMF in W43-MM1","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Gravity rather than turbulence drives fragmentation below 14 kau in W43-MM1 and keeps the high-mass end of the fragment mass function top-heavy.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"A. Ginsburg, A. Gusdorf, A. Koley, A. Men'shchikov, A. M. Stutz, B. Thomasson, D. Panda, E. Moraux, F. A. Olguin, F. Louvet, F. Motte, I. Joncour, J. Salinas, M. Armante, M. Bonfand, M. Gonzalez, M. Valeille-Manet, N. A. Sandoval-Garrido, N. Brouillet, N. Cunningham, N. Le Nestour, P. Dell'Ova, P. Sanhueza, R. Galvan-Madrid, R. H. Alvarez-Gutierrez, R. Veyry, S. Chevalier, T. Csengeri, T. Nony, T. Yoo, Y. Bernard, Y. Pouteau","submitted_at":"2026-04-16T11:03:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"We aim to predict how the currently observed top-heavy CMF in the massive protocluster W43-MM1 evolves due to core subfragmentation. We used getsf to extract sources in 5 ALMA images of W43-MM1 at 3mm, with a spatial resolution ranging from 14kau to 270au. Then, we applied FAMILY, a graph-theory-based analysis tool, to create and characterize networks of nested sources in W43-MM1. We compared the hierarchical fragmentation cascade of W43-MM1 to those measured in NGC2264 and in synthetic images of a MHD protocluster. Assuming self-similarity, we measure a small fractality index of F3D = 1.19 +/"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Based on the fractality and efficiency values measured in W43-MM1, the gravo-turbulent model by Thomasson et al. predicts that its fragmentation below ~14 kau is not driven by turbulence but by gravity. [...] the fragment mass function, from which the IMF emerges, has a high-mass end which remains top-heavy.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The assumption of self-similarity across scales, allowing parameters measured at larger scales (14 kau to 270 au) to be extrapolated to smaller scales where the model is applied; also that the Thomasson et al. model accurately captures the physics without additional unaccounted processes.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Core subfragmentation in W43-MM1 preserves the top-heavy shape of the core mass function, implying it has minimal influence on the origin of the initial mass function.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Gravity rather than turbulence drives fragmentation below 14 kau in W43-MM1 and keeps the high-mass end of the fragment mass function top-heavy.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"348ec105ab034f6bb1e9d60e1fd9d0aeda7a10c34ddf0311adfb1dba9dc1c9fb"},"source":{"id":"2604.14875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"9e96281b-fe0a-45d4-a682-06c7142edcdf","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-10T10:49:36.771806Z","strongest_claim":"Based on the fractality and efficiency values measured in W43-MM1, the gravo-turbulent model by Thomasson et al. predicts that its fragmentation below ~14 kau is not driven by turbulence but by gravity. [...] the fragment mass function, from which the IMF emerges, has a high-mass end which remains top-heavy.","one_line_summary":"Core subfragmentation in W43-MM1 preserves the top-heavy shape of the core mass function, implying it has minimal influence on the origin of the initial mass function.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The assumption of self-similarity across scales, allowing parameters measured at larger scales (14 kau to 270 au) to be extrapolated to smaller scales where the model is applied; also that the Thomasson et al. model accurately captures the physics without additional unaccounted processes.","pith_extraction_headline":"Gravity rather than turbulence drives fragmentation below 14 kau in W43-MM1 and keeps the high-mass end of the fragment mass function top-heavy."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.14875/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}