{"paper":{"title":"Growing Supermassive Black Holes by Chaotic Accretion","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"A R King, J E Pringle","submitted_at":"2006-09-21T12:51:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the problem of growing the largest supermassive black holes from stellar--mass seeds at high redshift. Rapid growth without violating the Eddington limit requires that most mass is gained while the hole has a low spin and thus a low radiative accretion efficiency. If, as was formerly thought, the black--hole spin aligns very rapidly with the accretion flow, even a randomly--oriented sequence of accretion events would all spin up the hole and prevent rapid mass growth. However, using a recent result that the Bardeen--Petterson effect causes {\\it counter}alignment of hole and disc sp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0609598","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}