{"paper":{"title":"Direct measurement of quantum phases in graphene via photoemission spectroscopy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Alessandra Lanzara, Alexei V. Fedorov, Cheol-Hwan Park, Choongyu Hwang, David A. Siegel, Steven G. Louie","submitted_at":"2011-09-16T18:12:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quantum phases provide us with important information for understanding the fundamental properties of a system. However, the observation of quantum phases, such as Berry's phase and the sign of the matrix element of the Hamiltonian between two non-equivalent localized orbitals in a tight-binding formalism, has been challenged by the presence of other factors, e.g., dynamic phases and spin/valley degeneracy, and the absence of methodology. Here, we report a new way to directly access these quantum phases, through polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), using gra"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1109.3680","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}