{"paper":{"title":"Radiotherapy Proton Interactions in Matter","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Bernard Gottschalk","submitted_at":"2018-03-30T18:23:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"A survey of physics useful to proton radiotherapy, centered on stopping, scattering and hard scatters:\n  1. Introduction\n  2. The fundamental formula dose = fluence x mass stopping power. Practical units, comments on effective stopping power.\n  3. Range: experimental definition, Beth-Bloch CSDA theory, range-energy tables and approximations, range straggling.\n  4. Multiple Coulomb Scattering: suggested reading, elements of Moliere theory, the Gaussian approximation, scattering power.\n  5. Hard scatters (nuclear interactions): contributing reactions, shape and size of the halo, experiment, halo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.00022","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}