{"paper":{"title":"An Omega(n^2) Lower Bound for Random Universal Sets for Planar Graphs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CG","math.CO"],"primary_cat":"cs.DM","authors_text":"Alexander Choi, Kevin Costello, Marek Chrobak","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T22:57:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"A set $U\\subseteq \\reals^2$ is $n$-universal if all $n$-vertex planar graphs have a planar straight-line embedding into $U$. We prove that if $Q \\subseteq \\reals^2$ consists of points chosen randomly and uniformly from the unit square then $Q$ must have cardinality $\\Omega(n^2)$ in order to be $n$-universal with high probability. This shows that the probabilistic method, at least in its basic form, cannot be used to establish an $o(n^2)$ upper bound on universal sets."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.07097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.07097/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}