{"paper":{"title":"Beyond Either-Or Reasoning: Transduction and Induction as Cooperative Problem-Solving Paradigms","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.PL","authors_text":"Christian Bartelt, Janis Zenkner, Tobias Sesterhenn","submitted_at":"2025-05-20T08:23:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Traditionally, in Programming-by-example (PBE) the goal is to synthesize a program from a small set of input-output examples. Lately, PBE has gained traction as a few-shot reasoning benchmark, relaxing the requirement to produce a program artifact altogether which allows transductive methods to directly the missing output sample. Transduction and induction are complementary reasoning modes--where induction derives general rules from examples, transduction leverages the examples directly to infer specific outputs without intermediate generalization. Yet existing approaches either treat them as "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.14744","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.14744/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}