{"paper":{"title":"High-symmetry ill-fitting subunits in 3D form aggregates of all dimensions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Elena N. Govorun, Martin Lenz","submitted_at":"2026-04-01T16:34:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proteins can combine into functional elements in living cells or self-assemble into unwanted structures in a number of diseases. The resulting aggregates often display filamentous morphologies across a large range of protein shapes and molecular interactions. This has led to the suggestion that filament formation could be a generic outcome of the aggregation of geometrically complex, ill-fitting objects, although such a mechanism has not been demonstrated in three dimensions. To address this problem, we theoretically study the self-assembly of three-dimensional identical, ill-fitting deformabl"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We find that zero-dimensional clusters, three-dimensional bulks as well as symmetry-broken one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional layers can all form depending on assembly parameters. Poorly compressible, moderately adhesive subunits favor filaments.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The mechanics of the self-assembling subunits can be mapped onto those of two incompatible, interconnected networks to analytically predict ground state morphologies as a function of adhesivity and elasticity.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Ill-fitting 3D deformable subunits self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks, with filaments favored by poorly compressible moderately adhesive subunits.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"24882f4fea73e602c9615ad59826d72ab0ba1eaab61041dde004c74a11bd5520"},"source":{"id":"2604.01109","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"ad25bdbc-7369-494b-b11c-54804c6b0994","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T17:48:19.644130Z","strongest_claim":"We find that zero-dimensional clusters, three-dimensional bulks as well as symmetry-broken one-dimensional filaments and two-dimensional layers can all form depending on assembly parameters. Poorly compressible, moderately adhesive subunits favor filaments.","one_line_summary":"Ill-fitting 3D deformable subunits self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks, with filaments favored by poorly compressible moderately adhesive subunits.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The mechanics of the self-assembling subunits can be mapped onto those of two incompatible, interconnected networks to analytically predict ground state morphologies as a function of adhesivity and elasticity.","pith_extraction_headline":"Ill-fitting deformable subunits in three dimensions self-assemble into clusters, filaments, layers or bulks depending on adhesivity and elasticity."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.01109/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":50,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2022,"title":"I. Mizrahi, R. B ruinsma and J. Rudnick, Spanning tree model and the assembly kinetics of RNA viruses, Phys. Rev. E, 2022, 106, 044405","work_id":"d3191e97-d29e-48b2-a7bf-6fc5175222a1","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"L. E. Perotti, A. Aggarwal, J. Rudnick, R. Bruinsma, and W. S. Klug, Elasticity theory of the maturation of viral capsids, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2015, 77, 86","work_id":"bb0837ae-0c59-4336-b529-50e2240f5e4e","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"J. D. Perlmutter and M. F. Hagan, Mechanisms of Virus Assembly, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2015, 66, 217","work_id":"5ca9709d-417e-470a-89aa-1b14f323aba0","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"R. F. Bruinsma and W. S. Klug, Physics of viral shells, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. , 2015, 6, 245","work_id":"cac4d512-c580-4592-92cf-879b56ae13e9","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2019,"title":"P. Alam, L. Bousset, R. Melki, and D. E. Otzen, α -synuclein oligomers and fibrils: a spectrum of species, a spectrum of toxicities, J. Neurochem., 2019, 150, 522","work_id":"4e8ec446-c027-400a-b5e4-f282cd990e22","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":50,"snapshot_sha256":"8109da91bcfd3c0f9bfffd577dc29dbb5df3bbdb2f233749a7cad471fdccda7b","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"e46d485466e79bbfabcd1ecf31800714e8274c69bebb561709382365628f4a83"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}