{"paper":{"title":"Development of a sub-100 ps Time-of-Flight detector with SiPM-readout scintillator for measurement of cosmic muon velocity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Coupling low-capacitance 4-series SiPM modules to four faces of a plastic scintillator yields 68 ps coincidence time resolution.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Kairui Huang, Shiming Zou, Ting Wang, Wanyi Zhuang, Xiaolong Wang, Xiyang Wang, Yicheng Pu, Ziyi Yang","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T08:54:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accurate Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement with sub-100 picosecond resolution is a critical requirement for particle identification in future high-energy physics experiments, such as the Belle II $K_{L}$ and Muon (KLM) detector upgrade. Achieving this precision with large-area Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) is challenging due to the inherent junction capacitance, which degrades signal rise time. In this work, we developed and evaluated a high-time-resolution cosmic ray detector based on plastic scintillators and customized SiPM arrays. To optimize the readout for block-shaped scintillators, w"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"a multi-face readout topology, utilizing low-capacitance 4-series (4S) SiPM modules coupled to four faces of the scintillator, achieves an excellent coincidence time resolution of approximately 68 ps, outperforming the ∼100 ps resolution of the concentrated 4-series 3-parallel (4S3P) hybrid topology","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That coupling SiPM modules to four faces does not introduce additional timing jitter from light collection non-uniformity, optical crosstalk, or electronic noise that would offset the capacitance advantage in real operation.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Multi-face 4S SiPM readout on scintillators achieves 68 ps TOF resolution and measures cosmic muon velocity.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Coupling low-capacitance 4-series SiPM modules to four faces of a plastic scintillator yields 68 ps coincidence time resolution.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"05902a0c5bdd4592dc7fc6d3c313661911a281acf6f5165d1ab50d3020892cf2"},"source":{"id":"2605.13199","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"0d82c824-2ee8-4f5f-a679-3b87cc262d78","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T01:40:05.237515Z","strongest_claim":"a multi-face readout topology, utilizing low-capacitance 4-series (4S) SiPM modules coupled to four faces of the scintillator, achieves an excellent coincidence time resolution of approximately 68 ps, outperforming the ∼100 ps resolution of the concentrated 4-series 3-parallel (4S3P) hybrid topology","one_line_summary":"Multi-face 4S SiPM readout on scintillators achieves 68 ps TOF resolution and measures cosmic muon velocity.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That coupling SiPM modules to four faces does not introduce additional timing jitter from light collection non-uniformity, optical crosstalk, or electronic noise that would offset the capacitance advantage in real operation.","pith_extraction_headline":"Coupling low-capacitance 4-series SiPM modules to four faces of a plastic scintillator yields 68 ps coincidence time resolution."},"references":{"count":10,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1994,"title":"Leo, W.R.: Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments: A How-to Approach, 2nd rev. edn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1994). https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-642-57920-2","work_id":"72a34c95-af3d-4122-8b3b-835527e3ce4c","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.48550/arxiv.1011.0352","year":2010,"title":"Belle II Technical Design Report","work_id":"38bf24e4-47aa-44bf-b40a-cb948729620f","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"1011.0352","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.060","year":2015,"title":"Aushev, T.,et al.Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A789, 134 (2015) https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.060","work_id":"a8b84c90-7038-488b-994b-7998cf0a9976","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.171194","year":2026,"title":"Wang, X.Y., Zhang, H.Y.,et al.Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A1084, 171194 (2026) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.171194","work_id":"2088df4a-d30d-45d0-a924-e51c057d7534","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2017,"title":"Instrum.12, 06022 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1088/ 1748-0221/12/06/C06022","work_id":"cd2f1b41-a8cd-4768-b0cd-e1b582732af9","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":10,"snapshot_sha256":"52a1c0242433843dcc46a0a6d24b24765d0f5e9699671083695ecf238e0ceb30","internal_anchors":1},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"35cd859f0e43cac4a3efe7390998ae87dabfc0b64f18ddb505981ec0fa926844"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}