{"paper":{"title":"The DESIRED electron temperature relations in star-forming regions of the local Universe","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Relations using Te([N II]) show lower dispersions than other low-ionization diagnostics across 699 spectra of H II regions and star-forming galaxies.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"A. Z. Lugo-Aranda, C. Esteban, E. Reyes-Rodr\\'iguez, F. F. Rosales-Ortega, I. R. Mart\\'inez-Hern\\'andez, J. E. M\\'endez-Delgado, J. Garc\\'ia-Rojas, K. Z. Arellano-C\\'ordova, L. Toribio San Cipriano, M. Orte-Garc\\'ia","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T16:40:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Aims. We present a homogeneous observational study of electron temperature ($T_{\\rm e}$) relations between ionic species: $T_{\\rm e}$([N II]), $T_{\\rm e}$([O II]), $T_{\\rm e}$([O III]), $T_{\\rm e}$([S II]), $T_{\\rm e}$([S III]) and $T_{\\rm e}$([Ar III]), using 699 spectra of Galactic and extragalactic H II regions and local star-forming galaxies (SFGs). Methods. We use the DEep Spectra of Ionised REgions Database Extended (DESIRED-E), comprising more than 3000 spectra with direct $T_{\\rm e}$ determinations, selecting those with at least two $T_{\\rm e}$ diagnostics. We recompute electron densit"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Relations using Te([N II]) show lower dispersions, indicating that this diagnostic provides a more reliable estimate of the low-ionisation zone temperature when only higher-ionisation Te diagnostics are available.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the 699 spectra with multiple Te diagnostics form a representative sample and that recomputed values with updated atomic data accurately reflect true temperatures without introducing new systematic offsets.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Large-sample analysis finds Te([N II]) relations have lower dispersion than those for [O II] or [S II], making it a more reliable low-ionization temperature proxy.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Relations using Te([N II]) show lower dispersions than other low-ionization diagnostics across 699 spectra of H II regions and star-forming galaxies.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"e226d2f57b06dcec44d1c69a69bb82fa12f4974754bb4f576aab441430b23c57"},"source":{"id":"2605.15048","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"85da1b22-fc37-4fc8-a92f-91433c0e413e","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T14:13:52.440988Z","strongest_claim":"Relations using Te([N II]) show lower dispersions, indicating that this diagnostic provides a more reliable estimate of the low-ionisation zone temperature when only higher-ionisation Te diagnostics are available.","one_line_summary":"Large-sample analysis finds Te([N II]) relations have lower dispersion than those for [O II] or [S II], making it a more reliable low-ionization temperature proxy.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the 699 spectra with multiple Te diagnostics form a representative sample and that recomputed values with updated atomic data accurately reflect true temperatures without introducing new systematic offsets.","pith_extraction_headline":"Relations using Te([N II]) show lower dispersions than other low-ionization diagnostics across 699 spectra of H II regions and star-forming galaxies."},"references":{"count":89,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1999,"title":"H., Hung, S., & Feibelman, W","work_id":"989717f4-86b6-4b62-a4fe-b38d40605ea8","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1981,"title":"Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. 1981, PASP, 93, 5","work_id":"f6078eaa-e0d3-463b-9e08-308c0f82b4a7","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"Berg, D. A., Pogge, R. W., Skillman, E. D., et al. 2020, ApJ, 893, 96","work_id":"cf7f5080-839c-4aea-8317-81c41d2bbc10","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"Berg, D. A., Skillman, E. D., Croxall, K. V., et al. 2015, ApJ, 806, 16","work_id":"74314e75-b20c-4e6d-9d69-920d2c3d3fc0","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"Berg, D. A., Skillman, E. D., Garnett, D. R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 128","work_id":"9c70c5cc-39cc-40fa-a82c-e70e393eb56d","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":89,"snapshot_sha256":"3751f5dd48dcd57e83b239e0a199aeddc2d91b4ab2b947525304f614d86ada17","internal_anchors":1},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}