{"paper":{"title":"Circuit-Based Program Verification: Sequential Circuits as an Intermediate Representation for Verifying C Programs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Armin Biere, Dirk Beyer, Nian-Ze Lee, Po-Chun Chien","submitted_at":"2026-08-07T16:41:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Formal verification of software programs and hardware designs shares the common goal of reasoning about state-transition systems, yet the two communities have largely developed separate intermediate representations and verification algorithms. This paper investigates sequential circuits as an intermediate representation for software verification, with the goal of enabling direct application of hardware-model-checking techniques. We present Circuit-Based Program Verification (CPV), a modular framework that translates C programs into sequential circuits and employs off-the-shelf hardware model c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.07397","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.07397/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}