{"paper":{"title":"Direct unconstrained optimization of excited states in density functional theory","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.chem-ph","authors_text":"Hanh D. M. Pham, Rustam Z. Khaliullin","submitted_at":"2025-01-19T00:55:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Orbital-optimized density functional theory (DFT) has emerged as an alternative to time-dependent (TD) DFT capable of describing difficult excited states with significant electron density redistribution, such as charge-transfer, Rydberg, and double-electron excitations. Here, a simple method is developed to solve the main problem of the excited-state optimization -- the variational collapse of the excited states onto the ground state. In this method, called variable-metric time-independent DFT (VM TIDFT), the electronic states are allowed to be nonorthogonal during the optimization but their o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.10907","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.10907/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}