{"paper":{"title":"Bifrost: Empowering Pretrained Language Model with Fallibility Representation for Log-Based Fault Diagnosis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Cheng Wang, Chiming Duan, Kangjin Wang, Leyi Pan, Lingzhe Zhang, Liping Zhang, Minghua He, Tong Jia, XinLong Zhao, Yifan Wu, Yinghao Yu, Ying Li","submitted_at":"2026-07-25T11:53:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Log-based fault diagnosis is crucial for runtime debugging and maintenance. Existing fault diagnosis methods use language models pre-trained on natural language (PLMs) for log representation. However, system faults are reflected in the multi-level structure of system logs. PLMs pre-trained on natural language struggle to comprehensively capture multi-level fault information, failing to meet the requirements of fault diagnosis. We refer to this information as fallibility representations. To address this problem, we propose a novel log representation learning method, Bifrost. It draws inspiratio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.23169","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.23169/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}