{"paper":{"title":"SuperPaymaster: Eliminating Centralized Signer Authority via Asset-Oriented Abstraction to Reconcile Usability and Decentralization in Account Abstraction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Asset-Oriented Abstraction removes the centralized off-chain signer from ERC-4337 paymaster sponsorship.","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Huifeng Jiao, Nathapon Udomlertsakul","submitted_at":"2026-05-07T07:07:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Most production ERC-4337 Paymasters rely on Process-Oriented Abstraction (POA): a centralized off-chain server signs each sponsorship request, acting as a potential censorship bottleneck. We propose Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA), encapsulating payment capability in a persistent, user-owned on-chain asset -- the Gas Card -- rather than an off-chain signing process. Following the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, we implement SuperPaymaster on Optimism Mainnet, anchoring sponsorship validity in on-chain Soulbound Token state and deterministic policy rules, removing the off-chain sign"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"AOA can reduce the tension among usability, sponsorship decentralization, and economic efficiency by anchoring sponsorship validity in on-chain Soulbound Token state and deterministic policy rules, removing the off-chain signer as a hard validity gate.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That on-chain Soulbound Token state combined with deterministic policy rules can fully replace off-chain signing for sponsorship validity without introducing new attack surfaces, centralization points, or usability regressions.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"SuperPaymaster implements Asset-Oriented Abstraction via on-chain Gas Cards to eliminate centralized paymaster signers, showing lower gas costs than some baselines on Optimism Mainnet.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Asset-Oriented Abstraction removes the centralized off-chain signer from ERC-4337 paymaster sponsorship.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"e877d918425f8360fb68d14dd7836ee2512d6d2a2a5922bdbb84c394a2d85f17"},"source":{"id":"2605.05774","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"990f1ad7-cb3e-4ea5-8b87-cc817ef490be","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-08T09:28:43.349583Z","strongest_claim":"AOA can reduce the tension among usability, sponsorship decentralization, and economic efficiency by anchoring sponsorship validity in on-chain Soulbound Token state and deterministic policy rules, removing the off-chain signer as a hard validity gate.","one_line_summary":"SuperPaymaster implements Asset-Oriented Abstraction via on-chain Gas Cards to eliminate centralized paymaster signers, showing lower gas costs than some baselines on Optimism Mainnet.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That on-chain Soulbound Token state combined with deterministic policy rules can fully replace off-chain signing for sponsorship validity without introducing new attack surfaces, centralization points, or usability regressions.","pith_extraction_headline":"Asset-Oriented Abstraction removes the centralized off-chain signer from ERC-4337 paymaster sponsorship."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.05774/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-20T13:42:04.659838Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-20T09:35:20.702836Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T20:01:19.457110Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T13:16:53.774180Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"822056a0ad5237b84377c8b6d8d99fe1afb2d8960bf1485fe28d3e83da90cf8c"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}