{"paper":{"title":"Peanuts at an Angle: Detecting and Measuring the Three-Dimensional Structure of Bars in Moderately Inclined Galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Peter Erwin, Victor P. Debattista","submitted_at":"2013-01-03T22:04:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that direct detection and measurement of the vertically thickened parts of bars (so-called \"boxy\" or \"peanut-shaped\" bulges) is possible not only for edge-on galaxies but also for galaxies with moderate inclinations (i < 70 deg), and that examples are relatively common in the nearby universe.\n  Analysis of a sample of 78 nearby, moderately inclined (i < 65 deg) early-type (S0--Sb) barred galaxies shows that the isophotal signature of the box/peanut can usually be detected for inclinations as low as i ~ 40 deg -- and in exceptional cases down to i ~ 30 deg. In agreement with the predict"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.0638","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}