{"paper":{"title":"Chiral Symmetry Breaking in 2+1 dimensions due to Sphalerons","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Indranil Dasgupta, L. C. R. Wijewardhana","submitted_at":"1998-06-22T22:00:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"In 2+1 dimensional gauge thories with $SU(N_c)$ color and $2N_f$ flavors of quarks in the fundamental representation, sphalerons, if present may lead to quark condensation and chiral symmetry breaking. The effect is similar to instanton induced chiral symmetry breaking in 3+1 dimensions and is due to the interaction of quark propagators with sphalerons. The existence of sphalerons requires that color symmetries be broken by a Higgs in the fundamental representation. We show that the sphaleron effect may persist for arbitrarily large $N_f$ but vanishes along with the mass of the gauge fields co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9806446","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}