{"paper":{"title":"A quantitative analysis of semantic information in deep representations of text and images","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alessandro Laio, Andrea Mascaretti, Marco Baroni, Mat\\'eo Mahaut, Riccardo Rende, Santiago Acevedo","submitted_at":"2025-05-21T07:38:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"It was recently observed that the representations of different models that process identical or semantically related inputs tend to align. We analyze this phenomenon using the Information Imbalance, an asymmetric rank-based measure that quantifies the capability of a representation to predict another, providing a proxy of the cross-entropy which can be computed efficiently in high-dimensional spaces. By measuring the Information Imbalance between representations generated by DeepSeek-V3 processing translations, we find that semantic information is spread across many tokens, and that semantic p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.17101","kind":"arxiv","version":6},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}