{"paper":{"title":"Modeling supernova feedback in galaxy formation simulations with energy-conserving momentum injection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"A rest-frame kinetic energy correction for supernova momentum injection enables converged star formation histories in dwarf galaxy simulations.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Takashi Okamoto","submitted_at":"2026-03-18T06:58:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accurate modeling of supernova (SN) feedback in galaxy formation simulations is complicated by energy conservation violations arising from the vector nature of momentum injection. We present a mechanical feedback scheme addressing two key sources: the relative motion between gas elements and the SN-hosting star particle, and multiple momentum injections into a single gas element within one timestep. Computing the kinetic energy increment in the rest frame of the gas element ensures energy conservation while avoiding the momentum inversion that can occur when this calculation is instead perform"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Through cosmological zoom-in simulations of dwarf galaxies at two mass resolutions, we demonstrate good convergence in star formation histories; without the momentum correction, stellar mass in low-resolution runs falls to as low as 59% of that in high-resolution counterparts.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That switching to purely thermal feedback when the cooling radius is resolved by the local inter-element separation prevents unphysical large-scale momentum coupling without introducing new artifacts in angular momentum or disk formation.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A mechanical supernova feedback model conserves energy via rest-frame momentum injection and conditional thermal switching, yielding converged star formation histories in dwarf galaxy simulations at two resolutions.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A rest-frame kinetic energy correction for supernova momentum injection enables converged star formation histories in dwarf galaxy simulations.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"5f2bd1b4c770a89b538f144ae8f2e16c41f78295491c6842b32e4b02541ecf12"},"source":{"id":"2603.17421","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"0cefec42-1ddd-45d9-b8b3-65018968e652","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T09:13:12.497752Z","strongest_claim":"Through cosmological zoom-in simulations of dwarf galaxies at two mass resolutions, we demonstrate good convergence in star formation histories; without the momentum correction, stellar mass in low-resolution runs falls to as low as 59% of that in high-resolution counterparts.","one_line_summary":"A mechanical supernova feedback model conserves energy via rest-frame momentum injection and conditional thermal switching, yielding converged star formation histories in dwarf galaxy simulations at two resolutions.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That switching to purely thermal feedback when the cooling radius is resolved by the local inter-element separation prevents unphysical large-scale momentum coupling without introducing new artifacts in angular momentum or disk formation.","pith_extraction_headline":"A rest-frame kinetic energy correction for supernova momentum injection enables converged star formation histories in dwarf galaxy simulations."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2603.17421/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":66,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2013,"title":"V ., Leitner, S","work_id":"7853879a-1378-4c05-9a89-0801b145a306","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1998,"title":"Blondin, J. 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