{"paper":{"title":"Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Adam G. Riess (JHU/STScI), Adi Zitrin (Caltech), Adriano Fontana (INAF-OAR), Alan Dressler (Carnegie Obs.), Alessandro Sonnenfeld (UCLA), Alexei V. Filippenko (UCB), Anja von der Linden (DARK/Stanford), Benjamin J. Weiner (Arizona), Bradley E. Tucker (UCB/ANU), Brandon Patel (Rutgers), Curtis McCully (LCOGT/UC Santa Barbara), Daniel Scolnic (Chicago), Gabriel Brammer (STScI), Jens Hjorth (DARK), Julian Merten (Caltech), Kasper B. Schmidt (UCSB), Louis-Gregory Strolger (STScI), Marc Postman (STScI), Marusa Bradac (UCD), Matthew A. Malkan (UCLA), Melissa L. Graham (UCB), Michele Trenti (Melbourne), Or Graur (NYU/AMNH), Patrick L. Kelly (UCB), Raphael Gavazzi (IAP), Ryan J. Foley (Illinois), Saurabh W. Jha (Rutgers), S. Bradley Cenko (GSFC/UMD), Steven A. Rodney (JHU), Tommaso Treu (UCLA), Tucker Jones (UCLA)","submitted_at":"2014-11-21T20:57:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z=0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z=1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.6009","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}