{"paper":{"title":"Selfsimilarity in the Birkhoff sum of the cotangent function","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.PR"],"primary_cat":"math.DS","authors_text":"Oliver Knill","submitted_at":"2012-06-24T02:14:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"We prove that the Birkhoff sum S(n)/n = (1/n) sum_(k=1)^(n-1) g(k A) with g(x) = cot(Pi x) and golden ratio A converges in the sense that the sequence of functions s(x) = S([ x q(2n)])/q(2n) with Fibonacci numbers q(n) converges to a self similar limiting function s(x) on [0,1]. The function s(x) can be computed analytically. This allows to determine values like S(10^100)/10^100 accurately without that it ever would be possible to add up so many terms for this random walk. The random variables added up are Cauchy distributed random variables with almost periodic correlation. While for any cont"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1206.5458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}