{"paper":{"title":"Matching for balance, pairing for heterogeneity in an observational study of the effectiveness of for-profit and not-for-profit high schools in Chile","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Jos\\'e R. Zubizarreta, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Ricardo D. Paredes","submitted_at":"2014-04-14T14:01:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conventionally, the construction of a pair-matched sample selects treated and control units and pairs them in a single step with a view to balancing observed covariates $\\mathbf{x}$ and reducing the heterogeneity or dispersion of treated-minus-control response differences, $Y$. In contrast, the method of cardinality matching developed here first selects the maximum number of units subject to covariate balance constraints and, with a balanced sample for $\\mathbf{x}$ in hand, then separately pairs the units to minimize heterogeneity in $Y$. Reduced heterogeneity of pair differences in responses "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.3584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}