{"paper":{"title":"Investigations of MWISP Bubbles: Identification and Analysis of Enclosed Molecular Bubbles by Weight Fields","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Ji Yang, Ke Wang, Min Fang, Qing-Zeng Yan, Sheng Zheng, Xuepeng Chen, Yang Su, Yan Sun, Yu Jiang, Zhibo Jiang","submitted_at":"2026-08-02T07:38:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Molecular bubbles are widely used as tracers of stellar feedback; yet, their identification in spectral-line surveys remains challenging because both cavity morphology and kinematic structure must be assessed consistently in position--position--velocity (PPV) space. We present the Bubble-Weight Fields (BWFields) framework, a PPV-based method that for the first time enables the automated and objective identification and analysis of enclosed molecular bubbles directly from spectral-line data cubes. BWFields constructs a bubble-weight field, $W_{l,b,v}$, which encodes cumulative evidence for cavi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.01052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.01052/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}