{"paper":{"title":"A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Standard alignment procedures may reduce distributional pluralism in language models.","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Andre Ye, Christopher Michael Rytting, Jared Moore, Jillian Fisher, Liwei Jiang, Mitchell Gordon, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Nouha Dziri, Taylor Sorensen, Tim Althoff, Ximing Lu, Yejin Choi","submitted_at":"2024-02-07T18:21:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"With increased power and prevalence of AI systems, it is ever more critical that AI systems are designed to serve all, i.e., people with diverse values and perspectives. However, aligning models to serve pluralistic human values remains an open research question. In this piece, we propose a roadmap to pluralistic alignment, specifically using language models as a test bed. We identify and formalize three possible ways to define and operationalize pluralism in AI systems: 1) Overton pluralistic models that present a spectrum of reasonable responses; 2) Steerably pluralistic models that can stee"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"standard alignment procedures might reduce distributional pluralism in models","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the three proposed definitions and benchmark classes are sufficient to operationalize and measure pluralism without missing key aspects of value diversity or introducing new biases in the measurement process itself.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The paper formalizes three types of pluralistic AI models and three benchmark classes, arguing that current alignment techniques may reduce rather than increase distributional pluralism.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Standard alignment procedures may reduce distributional pluralism in language models.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"87605497c9a483adffd925f16638ffefd108f955d5ffa2d84e5ccad3b5ebce14"},"source":{"id":"2402.05070","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"a051a8f9-ca0c-458e-8e36-d6bb27bc4dfa","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T14:32:52.308924Z","strongest_claim":"standard alignment procedures might reduce distributional pluralism in models","one_line_summary":"The paper formalizes three types of pluralistic AI models and three benchmark classes, arguing that current alignment techniques may reduce rather than increase distributional pluralism.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the three proposed definitions and benchmark classes are sufficient to operationalize and measure pluralism without missing key aspects of value diversity or introducing new biases in the measurement process itself.","pith_extraction_headline":"Standard alignment procedures may reduce distributional pluralism in language models."},"references":{"count":282,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"J., Adler, S., Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Akkaya, I., Aleman, F","work_id":"3ac7b300-f701-41d4-8586-717534f59d43","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"Aher, G. V., Arriaga, R. I., and Kalai, A. T. Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies. In International Conference on Machine Learning, pp.\\ 337--37","work_id":"fb1d0697-b4ee-45d6-9011-b4294d02fca4","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"Anthropic. Introducing claude, 2023. URL https://www.anthropic.com/index/introducing-claude","work_id":"d87dc559-8a23-4fd9-9518-003628565268","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1017/pan.2023.2","year":2023,"title":"Flexible Coding of in-depth Interviews: A Twenty- rst Century Approach","work_id":"d6eaa6ae-a83b-47ff-8110-c0e98432fef7","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"S., Diaz, M., Homan, C","work_id":"5421e16e-0139-47d3-9b31-7456bbb1499d","ref_index":7,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":282,"snapshot_sha256":"e75d7755b17260abbfd240535bdf8c238024f97f568a7e389f4d11b96c50da7f","internal_anchors":19},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":3,"snapshot_sha256":"0b67e66ab2451736c4f8bf62b95ff5a43c28214bdb42f8807bfeab8994295497"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}