{"paper":{"title":"The Formation of the First Quasars. I. The Black Hole Seeds, Accretion and Feedback Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Hidenobu Yajima, Lars Hernquist, Moupiya Maji, Qirong Zhu, Raffaella Schneider, Yiting Li, Yuexing Li","submitted_at":"2020-12-02T19:02:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of $\\sim 10^9\\, M_\\odot$ are generally believed to be the central engines of the luminous quasars observed at $z\\gtrsim6$, but their astrophysical origin remains elusive. The $z\\gtrsim$ quasars reside in rare density peaks, which poses several challenges to uniform hydrodynamic simulations. To investigate the formation of these distant quasars, we perform a suite of zoom-in simulations on a favorable halo, with a mass of $\\sim 10^{13}\\, M_\\odot$ at $z = 6$ and a history of multiple major mergers, ideal for BH growth. We test BH seeds of $10 - 10^6\\, M_\\odot$, a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.01458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2012.01458/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}