{"paper":{"title":"ISI Modeling and BER Performance for Rotating Light-Trail Image Sensor Communication","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A closed-form bit-error rate for rotating light-trail image sensor communication allows selection of the control angle that maximizes throughput at a target reliability.","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"and Takaya Yamazato, Shan Lu, Shin Asaoka, Zhengqiang Tang","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T05:45:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Image sensor communication (ISC) employing a propeller-LED transmitter encodes data along rotating light trails. We present an analytical framework that (i) constructs a single-LED, single-blink light trail model that maps optical power to pixel values, and (ii) integrates a probabilistic noise model to derive a closed-form bit-error rate (BER) using the $Q$-function. Trimodal pixel-value histograms motivate an adjacent-only inter-symbol interference (ISI) model in which the decision at segment $j$ depends on adjacent segments. Applying a hardest-pair midpoint threshold yields per-segment BER "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Using the analytical BER, we select the control angle that maximizes throughput while satisfying a target BER reliability constraint.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"Trimodal pixel-value histograms motivate an adjacent-only inter-symbol interference (ISI) model in which the decision at segment j depends on adjacent segments.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Derives a closed-form BER expression for rotating light-trail ISC using an adjacent-only ISI model based on trimodal pixel histograms and applies it to optimize control angle under a target BER constraint.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A closed-form bit-error rate for rotating light-trail image sensor communication allows selection of the control angle that maximizes throughput at a target reliability.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"edf65def4857baf623d997e60a5b6f4bbc75185d0275a64375fce9e0d7065c26"},"source":{"id":"2605.17272","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"b3909be8-454b-4558-91c6-0d5dcbcc8d7c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T23:18:51.914944Z","strongest_claim":"Using the analytical BER, we select the control angle that maximizes throughput while satisfying a target BER reliability constraint.","one_line_summary":"Derives a closed-form BER expression for rotating light-trail ISC using an adjacent-only ISI model based on trimodal pixel histograms and applies it to optimize control angle under a target BER constraint.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"Trimodal pixel-value histograms motivate an adjacent-only inter-symbol interference (ISI) model in which the decision at segment j depends on adjacent segments.","pith_extraction_headline":"A closed-form bit-error rate for rotating light-trail image sensor communication allows selection of the control angle that maximizes throughput at a target reliability."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.17272/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:20.208453Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:00.808432Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:01:57.835543Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:33:23.777490Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"c51bc466031b1326130b427e9742ccd7e59d6c5c2a6011fe7172c9d0680e93c6"},"references":{"count":13,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2004,"title":"Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights,","work_id":"213e5cf3-d0a3-4ba2-9cf5-ac2a9c755840","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2006,"title":"Visible light com- munication with LED traffic lights using 2-dimensional image sensor,","work_id":"514a6bc0-ba8a-428d-b856-eb9bd7182cc8","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2017,"title":"Image sensors meet LEDs,","work_id":"abda625d-4739-4c1c-b3e1-b99d3061a375","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"Tracking an led array transmitter for visible light communications in the driving situation,","work_id":"7b1f0c9b-aef8-4608-9da8-a64c52477e73","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2019,"title":"Maximum likelihood decoding based on pseudo-captured image tem- plates for image sensor communication,","work_id":"a8c357dd-bb77-4e80-be58-5081be9d0c9b","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":13,"snapshot_sha256":"f11bae181d42c8944ec0e18753eec2ee542ad0824cc7886cf565ad9b37906729","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}