{"paper":{"title":"Phase-field modeling of TiO2 nanocarving via reaction with hydrogen-bearing gas","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Alireza Seifi, Sheikh Akbar, Yanzhou Ji","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T17:12:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"TiO2 nanocrystals can be fabricated by carving the TiO2 bulk polycrystals using reductive H2-bearing gases, yielding single-crystal [001] nanowire arrays. However, the origin of the strongly anisotropic nanowire morphology during nanocarving remains largely unexplored. In this study, we formulate a 2-D phase-field model to investigate the TiO2 morphology evolution during nanocarving processes. The model incorporates TiO2 reduction reaction, Ti3+ diffusion, and anisotropies in surface energy, diffusivity and reaction rate. Through systematic simulations in both single- and poly-crystals, we elu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.18172","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.18172/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}