{"paper":{"title":"Carr criterion and mass gaps in non-singular primordial black hole formation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Arif Ka\\u{g}an G\\\"undo\\u{g}du, Jens Boos, Marek Hartenfels","submitted_at":"2026-05-28T17:59:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Non-singular gravitational theories are expected to be relevant in the early universe. In this paper, we derive a set of effective Friedmann equations describing the dynamics of matter shells in the presence of a gravitational regulator $\\ell$. We find that such a regulator induces a primordial black hole mass gap such that below a certain mass $M_\\text{gap}(\\ell, R_H)$ no black holes can form. The order of magnitude of this mass gap is set by the regulator $\\sim c^2\\ell/G$, with subleading dependence on the horizon radius at time of formation $R_H$. Finally, we show that over a wide range of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.30340","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.30340/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}