{"paper":{"title":"UPSim: UxNB Propagation Simulator for 3D Map-Driven FR3 Deployments","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"UPSim derives visibility regions from 3D building geometry to model FR3 air-to-ground channels for UAVs without full per-position ray tracing.","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Evgenii Vinogradov","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T10:40:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce UPSim (UxNB Propagation Simulator), a ray tracing-calibrated, semi-deterministic solution for spatially consistent FR3 air-to-ground propagation modeling in uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. Instead of launching rays for every receiver position, UPSim derives deterministic visibility regions from 3D building geometry via shadow projection. It then augments these regions with line-of-sight (LOS) state-specific and altitude-aware path loss, correlated large-scale fading, and small-scale fading. Calibration and validation against FR3 ray tracing data using the global 3D-GloBFP "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Calibration and validation against FR3 ray tracing data using the global 3D-GloBFP building dataset demonstrate that UPSim accurately reproduces empirical channel distributions.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The assumption that deterministic visibility regions derived from shadow projection of 3D building geometry, when combined with LOS-state-specific and altitude-aware path loss plus correlated fading, sufficiently capture real propagation behavior for the target FR3 UAV scenarios without full per-position ray tracing.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"UPSim is a ray-tracing-calibrated semi-deterministic simulator 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