{"paper":{"title":"Unraveling Machine Behavior by Multi-Level Bias Analysis and Detection: Methodology and Application to Computer Vision","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Aythami Morales, Ignacio Serna, Julian Fierrez","submitted_at":"2026-07-08T10:18:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"This study investigates the presence and propagation of bias within Neural Networks through a comprehensive multi-level analysis spanning the learned latent space, layer activations, and the network's parameters. Based on this taxonomy, we propose three bias detection approaches: 1) SpaceBias (new method), which characterizes the latent space prior to the final classification layer using neighbor-probability distributions and quantifies bias with the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the per-group distributions. 2) ActivationBias (extension of the existing method InsideBias), which analyze"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.07236","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.07236/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}