{"paper":{"title":"Curvature and Flatness in a Brans-Dicke Universe","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Janna Levin, Katherine Freese","submitted_at":"1993-12-15T23:11:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The evolution of a universe with Brans-Dicke gravity and nonzero curvature is investigated here. We present the equations of motion and their solutions during the radiation dominated era. In a Friedman-Robertson-Walker cosmology we show explicitly that the three possible values of curvature $\\kappa=+1,0,-1$ divide the evolution of the Brans-Dicke universe into dynamically distinct classes just as for the standard model. Subsequently we discuss the flatness problem which exists in Brans-Dicke gravity as it does in the standard model. In addition, we demonstrate a flatness problem in MAD Brans-D"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9312025","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}