{"paper":{"title":"Breaking Lorentz reciprocity with frequency conversion and delay","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph","physics.optics","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.class-ph","authors_text":"Andrew P. Higginbotham, Benjamin J. Chapman, Eric I. Rosenthal, Joseph Kerckhoff, K. W. Lehnert","submitted_at":"2017-05-24T21:46:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a method for breaking Lorentz reciprocity based upon the non-commutation of frequency conversion and delay. The method requires no magnetic materials or resonant physics, allowing for the design of scalable and broadband non-reciprocal circuits. With this approach, two types of gyrators --- universal building blocks for linear, non-reciprocal circuits --- are constructed. Using one of these gyrators, we create a circulator with > 15 dB of isolation across the 5 -- 9 GHz band. Our designs may be readily extended to any platform with suitable frequency conversion elements, including"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.09548","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}